Nyuma y’icyavuzwe ko ari Urupfu rw’uwari Umuyobozi w’Umutwe w’Abarwanyi b’Abacanshuro wa Wagner, Yevgeny Prigozhin, wari mu ndege ye yahanutse ku wa Gatatu w’iki Cyumweru, yifashishije inkuru yakozwe n’Ikinyamauru cy’Abongereza BBC, THEUPDATE yasubije amaso inyuma yibuka ibyabaye hambere.
Impamvu y’ihanuka ry’iriya ndege ntiramenyekana, nta n’urashinjwa uruhare mu ihanuka ryayo. Gusa kuba ibi byarabaye hashize amezi abiri Prigozhin ayoboye ubugumutsi ku butegetsi bwa Vladimir Putin umaze imyaka irenga 20 ku butegetsi, byahise bizamura gukeka mu Burusiya no hanze yabwo.
Muri Amerika, mu Bufaransa, no mu Bwongereza baravuga ko ukuboko kwa Moscow kutavanwa mu bakekwaho urupfu rwa Prigozhin, nubwo ibyabaye bisa na filimi ya Hollywood.
Kubera iki? Ntabwo byaba ari ubwa mbere inzego z’ibanga z’Uburusiya zigijeyo burundu abatavuga rumwe, abarwanya, cyangwa abanegura perezida.
- ‘Kwihorera gutangwa ku isahani ikonje’
Kugeza mu mezi macye ashize Prigozhin yafatwaga nk’umwe mu bantu ba hafi cyane ba perezida w’Ubusuriya. Ubucuti bwabo si ubwa vuba ahubwo buhera igihe Putin wahoze ari intasi ya KGB yari agikorera mu mujyi wa St Petersburg.
Gusa ubwo bucuti bwarangiye tariki 23 Kamena(6). Uwo munsi, nyuma y’amezi Prigozhin ashyogoza abagaba b’ingabo z’Uburusiya ku byemezo bafata mu ntambara ya Ukraine, yatunguye Abarusiya ategeka abarwanyi be gufata umujyi w’Uburusiya wa Rostov-on-Don, uri hafi y’umupaka na Ukraine.
Ariko ibintu ntibyarangiriye aho ahubwo yategetse abacanshuro be gukomeza bagana i Moscow bajyanywe no kuvanaho Minisitiri w’ingabo Sergeri Shoigu; n’abakorana nawe bya hafi.
Nubwo ubwo bugumutsi butageze kure, kubera ubuhuza n’ibiganiro byayobowe na Perezida Alexander Lukashenko wa Belarus, abo barwanyi bariho bagana i Moscow nta ubakoma imbere bahise bahagarara Putin yongera gutuza.
Muri ibyo byose ariko Putin ntiyahishe akababaro byamuteye, ubu bugumutsi yabwise kugerageza “coup d’état”, ariko kandi anasezeranya guhana ababuyoboye yise “abagambanyi” kandi ko “bacumise Uburusiya imbugita mu mugongo”.
Prigozhin yakuriweho ibyaha yari yashinjwe, ndetse bamwe mu Burusiya bavuga ko Putin yacitse intege, byasaga n’ibyarangiye habaye kumvikana, ariko ku bazi amateka babonaga Prigozhin “nk’umupfu ugenda”.
Kuba mu byumweru bishize Prigozhin yarashoboraga kugenda mu Burusiya no hanze yabwo yidegembya bisa n’ibyerekana ko Perezida Putin ari muri bamwe bemera ko “kwihorera kuza ku isahani ikonje”.
- Ikintu kiba kitezwe
Nubwo byatunguranye, kubura kwa Prigozhin ntikwafatwa nk’ikintu kitari kitezwe, kuva Putin yagera ku butegetsi nibura abantu 20 batavuga rumwe nawe, bamunenga, cyangwa abo yise “abagambanyi” bapfuye mu buryo bw’amayobera mu Burusiya no hanze yabwo.
Umwe mu bambere babuze ubuzima ni Vladimir Golovliov warasiwe i Moscow ariho agenda n’amaguru n’imbwa ye. Uyu wari umudepite, mbere wari ushyigikiye Putin ubwo yazamukaga ajya ku butegetsi. Mbere y’urupfu rwe, ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ryamushinje kwigwizaho umutungo mu kwegurira abikorera ibya leta kwakozwe mu isenyuka rya leta zunze ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti.
Hatarashira umwaka, Sergei Yushenkov, undi mudepite wo ku rundi ruhande rutavuga rumwe, yarasiwe ku muhanda i Moscow.
Yushenkov yayoboye komite yo mu nteko yakoze iperereza ku bitero byibasiye inzu z’inteko ishingamategeko byabaye mu 1999 ibyo Moscow yashinje abarwanyi bo muri Chechenia, ingingo yahaye uburenganzira Putin bwo gushoza intambara ya kabiri kuri ako gace kifuzaga ubwigenge.
Yushenkov yakekaga ko ibyo bitero byateguwe n’inzego z’ibanga z’Uburusiya hagamijwe gushaka impamvu yo gutera Chechenia.
Tariki 07 Ukwakira(10) 2006, bumwe mu bwicanyi bwavuzwe cyane ku isi bwarabaye; umunyamakuru Anna Politkovskaya ntiyarenze uwo munsi, mu kinyamakuru Novaya Gazeta yakoreraga yerekanaga ihonyorwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu rikorwa n’abasirikare Kremlin yohereje muri Chechnya.
Mu 2014 nubwo abantu batanu bacyetsweho kwica Anna bari barakatiwe imyaka myinshi y’igifungo, abategetsi ntibigeze bavuga uwahaye akazi abo bishi, mu 2021 urubanza rwarapfundikiwe.
Gusa tariki 27 Gashyantare(2) 2015 habaye kwica kwatumye biboneka ko Kremlin igira akaboko mu kwikiza abayinenga. Uwo munsi, uwahoze ari minisitiri w’intebe wungurije Boris Nemtsov yarishwe. Byakorewe hafi y’inyubako Putin afitemo ibiro.
Mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1990, Nemtsov yariho azamuka cyane muri politiki y’Uburusiya. Uyu muhanga muri siyanse akaba n’umunyapolitiki uharanira ubwisanzure yari mu bashoboraga gusimbura uwari Perezida Boris Yeltsin, ariko uyu birangira ahisemo Putin wahoze ari intasi.
Kuva ku ntangiriro, Nemtsov yakomeje kunenga Putin, by’umwihariko politike ye kuri Ukraine n’imigambi ye yo kugundira ubutegetsi. Ibitekerezo bye byamugejeje muri gereza nibura inshuro eshatu.
Mu matora ya perezida ya 2008, yagerageje kwiyamamaza ngo ahangane na Putin, ariko nyuma abivamo, nuko hashize umwaka, we n’abandi nka Garry Kasparov bazwiho kutavuga rumwe na Putin bashinga ishyaka bise ‘Solidality’.
Nubwo abishe Nemtsov ari bamwe mu bari mu ngabo za Radman Kadirov umukuru wa Chechenia, ukuboko bwa Putin muri ubu bwicanyi ntikwigeze gukorwaho iperereza.
Kuva mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 2000 abandi bantu batandatu b’abanyapolitike, abanyamakuru, n’impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa muntu banenga Putin biciwe mu Burusiya.
- Guhunga si ukuruhunga
Urutonde rw’abapfuye batari bamushyigikiye ntabwo ruriho gusa abiciwe imbere mu gihugu, ahubwo n’abafashe umwanzuro bagahunga, bibaza ko aho bagiye nibura bakijije amagara yabo.
Bumwe mu bwicanyi bwibukwa cyane ni ubw’uwahoze ari intasi, Alexander Litvinenko, waguye mu bitaro by’i Londres mu Ugushyingo(11) 2006 nyuma yo kurwara bitunguranye. Iperereza ryatahuye ko yarozwe hakoreshejwe polonium 210 (uburuzi bukaze bwa radioactive).
Litvinenko yahungiye mu Bwongereza mu ntangiriro z’iki kinyejana nyuma yo kuvuga ko yanze amabwiriza y’abamukuriye yo kwica umuherwe Boris Berezovksy.
Berezovsky ni undi nawe wiciwe hanze y’igihugu cye. Muri Werurwe(3) 2013, umurambo w’uyu mucuruzi bawusanze iwe mu rugo i Surrey, mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba bw’Ubwongereza.
Hari izindi nkuru zivuga ko uyu mukire yiyahuye kubera ibibazo mu bukungu byari bimwugarije. Gusa kuba igihe yari mu buhungiro yaragiye aterwa ndetse ashinjwa na Moscow ibyaha, byatumye bamwe babona ko yishwe.
Berezovsky, wagwije umutungo munini mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Boris Yeltsin, yashatse ubucuti kuri Putin anatera inkunga kwiyamamaza kwe. Ariko vuba banje gushwana ubwo Kremlin yafatiraga televiziyo ye.
Muri Werurwe 2018, abandi Barusiya bahungiye mu Bwongereza bagabweho ibitero byateguwe na Moscow. Barimo uwahoze ari intasi Sergei Skripal n’umukobwa we Yulia bahawe n’abakozi b’Uburusiya uburozi bukaze cyane bwa Novichok, mu mujyi wa Salisbury.
Skripal yakoze mu rwego rukuru rw’iperereza rw’Uburusiya, ariko kandi akaba abo bita ‘double agents’ kuko mu ibanga yari n’umukozi wa MI6, urwego rw’ubutasi rw’Ubwongereza kugeza ubwo yatabwaga muri yombi mu 2004.
Iyi ntasi yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 13 n’inkiko z’Uburisiya ku cyaha cy’ubugambanyi, ariko nyuma aza kuguranwa abandi bantu bari bafungiye muri Amerika.
London yatangaje abantu babiri bahaye uburozi Skripal ivuga ko ari intasi z’Uburusiya kandi isaba Moscow kubatanga.
Gusa ubutegetsi bw’Uburusiya bwahakanye ko hari aho buhuriye n’ibyo kandi ntibwasubije kuri ubwo busabe, kubw’iyo mpamvu, imibanire y’ibi bihugu yari isanzwe ari mibi na mbere yo gutera Ukraine.
- Umuherwe wahanutse mu idirishya ry’ibitaro
Kuri ruriya rutonde hagomba kongerwaho nibura abandi bantu batanu barimo abaherwe n’abahoze ari abategetsi bapfuye mu buryo bw’amayobera kuva intambara muri Ukraine yatangira.
Rumwe mu mpfu zatangaje benshi ni urwa perezida w’ikigo rutura cy’ibitoro mu Burusiya, Lukoil, witwaga Ravil Maganov, yapfuye muri Nzeri(9) 2022 ahanutse mu idirishya ry’ibitaro i Moscow aho yari arwariye, nk’uko abategetsi babivuze.
Mu nyandiko ye, Stefan Wolff umwalimu kuri University of Birmingham yagize ati: “Ubutumwa bwa Putin mu myaka 20 ishize burasobanutse: kutavugarumwe nawe ntibyihanganirwa kandi ingaruka ni urupfu”.
Iyi nzobere mu mutekano mpuzamahanga ibona ko uburyo Putin akoresha “butanga umusaruro” kuko bwatumye acecekesha “abamunegura” kandi butuma “arokoka abamubaza ibikomeye imbere mu gihugu”.
Icyakora, Stefan avuga ko iyo politiki ye ifite ingaruka z’uko izongerera Putin urwicyekwe, kutizera, no guhora atinya abakorana nawe.