Nyuma y’ibinyejana bitari bike idolari rya Amerika riyoboye isi,ubu noneho ngo ryaba rigeze mu mayira abiri ibintu byatumaga Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zibonwa nk’ibihangange zivuna umuheha zikongezwa undi haba mu bukungu na politiki ku isi.
Ku gihugu nka Amerika, idolari ryari intwaro ya kabiri nyuma y’imbunda kifashisha mu guhana ibihugu bitinyutse kuyubahuka cyangwa kunyuranya n’ubushake bwayo, nk’uko byagendekeye u Burusiya umwaka ushize ubwo bwatangizaga intambara kuri Ukraine, ububiko bw’amadovize bwa miliyari zisaga 600$ bwari bufite bwarafatiriwe.
Kwifatira ku gahanga u Burusiya bisa n’ibitaraguye neza Amerika kuko byakanguye ibindi bihugu, hashakishwa ubundi buryo byabika amadevize yabyo mu yandi mafaranga atari amadolari, kugira ngo ibyabaye k’u Burusiya bitazabibaho mu minsi iri imbere.
U Burusiya buri mu bya mbere byahise bihindura umuvuno, bitangira gusinya amasezerano n’ibindi bihugu bishaka kugira ibicuruzwa bigura mu Burusiya, ku buryo bishobora kwishyura mu Roubles y’u Burusiya, ama-Yuan y’u Bushinwa cyangwa Ama-Rupee y’u Buhinde.
Kuri ubu u Bushinwa buri mu biganiro n’ibihugu bitandukanye birimo na Arabie Saoudite, ku buryo ibikomoka kuri peteroli by’u Burusiya byajya byishyurwa no mu ma-Yuan aho kuba amadolari.
Perezida wa Brèsil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, aherutse gusaba ibihugu bigize umuryango BRICS uhuriyemo Brèsil, u Burusiya, u Buhinde, u Bushinwa na Afurika y’Epfo gutekereze ku ifaranga rishya byashyiraho, rizajya ryifashishwa mu bucuruzi hagati yabyo, aho gukoresha amadolari.
Ibi bihugu bitanu byihariye ubukungu bungana na 30% by’uburi ku Isi yose, ndetse mu 2050 biteganyijwe ko ubukungu bwabyo buzaba bugize 50 % y’ubukungu bwose Isi izaba ifite.
Nubwo imbaraga zo guca intege idolari ziri kwiyongera, iri faranga rya Amerika riracyafite ubwiganze mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, kuko 88% by’ihererekanya ry’amafaranga ku rwego mpuzamahanga ryakozwe mu 2022.
Ibyo bivuze ko mu kwishyurana ku rwego mpuzamahanga hagikoreshwa cyane idolari ugereranyije n’andi mafaranga, icyakora ibihugu byajyaga bibika amadovize yabyo mu madolari ngo bibone uko bijya guhaha ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bikomeje kugabanyuka.
Banki y’Isi igaragaza ko ibwizigame bw’amadovize mu madolari bwavuye kuri 85 % mu myaka ya 1970, bukagera kuri 60% mu 2022. Ifaranga rijya kwegera idolari mu kubikwamo amadovize menshi ni ama-Euro yihariye 20%.
Kuba amadolari ashakwa cyane muri Amerika, biha imbaraga icyo gihugu zo kuguza ku nyungu nto mu bigo by’imari mpuzamahanga. Biha kandi imbaraga Amerika zo kugenzura ubukungu bw’Isi nk’igihugu rukumbi cyemerewe gukora amadolari kuko gishyira ku isoko ajyanye n’ibyo gikeneye.
Kuba Amerika ibona amadolari mu buryo buyoroheye, biyibashisha kubona ibicuruzwa ikeneye bitayihenze bityo Abanyamerika bikabageraho bihendutse. Bituma kandi icyo gihugu kigira ijambo muri politiki mpuzamahanga kuko gishobora kwifashisha amadolari mu guhana igihugu cyanze kubahiriza ibyo ishaka.
U Rwanda ruhagaze he?
U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu byifashisha amadolari mu gutumiza hanze ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, bivuze ko amadovize yarwo amenshi agomba kuba ari mu madolari kugira ngo abacuruzi babashe kurangura hanze.
Mu kiganiro Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu (BNR) iherutse kugirana n’itangazamakuru, ubuyobozi bwayo bwabajijwe ku ho u Rwanda ruhagaze muri iyi nkundura yo kwipakurura idolari, hashakishwa andi mafaranga yo kuyoboka.
Guverineri wungirije wa BNR, Soraya Hakuziyaremye, yavuze ko hakiri kare kuba rwayoboka andi mafaranga atari idolari, hakurikijwe ibihugu rucuruzanya nabyo cyane.
Madamu Soraya yagize ati “Iyo urebye ibihugu bitatu bya mbere ducuruzanya nabyo cyane aribyo Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) n’u Bushinwa, bose baracyakoresha amadolari. Mu buryo bwumvikana, haba hakiri kare kuvuga ko twakoresha andi mafaranga.”
Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika byamaze gushyira umukono ku masezerano ashyiraho isoko rusange ry’uwo mugabane (AfCFTA), rigamije koroshya ubuhahirane hagati y’ibyo bihugu. Ni isoko ryitezweho kuzashyiraho n’ifaranga ryihariye, ku buryo hatabaho kubanza kuvunjisha amafaranga mu yandi, mu gihe umwe avuye mu gihugu kimwe ajya mu kindi.
Soraya yavuze ko nabyo ari urugendo rusaba inzira ndende ukurikije ibisabwa ngo byose biba byagiye ku murongo.
Ati “Birashoboka ko ibyo bizatuma ibihugu bitongera gukenera amadolari menshi mu gihe bigiye guhahirana ariko nabwo haracyari urugendo. Ndakeka rero ko haba hakiri kare ku Rwanda cyangwa Afurika, gutangira kuvuga ku byo guca ukubiri n’amadolari.” (IGIHE)
