Uwahanze telefone ngendanwa yayihamagaje bwa mbere uyu munsi mu myaka 50 ishize.
Ku itariki ya 3 Mata (4) mu 1973, Umunyamerika Marty Cooper yahagaze mu nguni yo ku muhanda wa Sixth Avenue i New York, akura mu mufuka igitabo cyanditseho nimero za telefone.
Nuko akanda umubare mu gikoresho kinini cy’ibara riri hagati y’umuhondo werurutse n’umweru, agishyira ku gutwi mu gihe abahanyuraga bari bamuhanze amaso.
Cooper, wari enjeniyeri (ingénieur) mu cyari ikigo cy’itumanaho cya Motorola, yatelefonnye mugenzi we wo mu kigo cy’itumanaho cy’abacyeba cya Bell Laboratories, ngo amwiyemereho ko yari arimo kumuhamagaza “telefone bwite, itwarwa mu ntoki, ngendanwa”.
Yibuka ko yumvise hari uguceceka ku ruhande rwa mugenzi we.
Aseka, uyu mukambwe w’imyaka 94 ati: “Ntekereza ko yari arimo guhekenya amenyo ye”.
Avuga ko kompanyi Bell Laboratories yari imaze igihe yo ihugiye mu gukora telefone ishyirwa mu modoka.
Ati: “Uranyumvira? Rero twari tumaze igihe twaraheze mu ngo zacu no mu biro tuhahejejwe n’uyu mukwege wo mu muringa [copper/cuivre] mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 100 – none ubu nabwo bari bagiye kuduheza mu modoka zacu!”
Birumvikana ko Cooper na Motorola batemeraga ko ubu ari bwo buryo bwo gukoresha mu gihe kiri imbere – ndetse amateka yerekanye ko bari bari mu kuri.
Iby’ibanze mu kuntu kuriya guhamagara kwa mbere kwagenze ntibyahindutse cyane kugeza ubu.
Telefone ihindura ijwi ryawe mo imvumba z’amashanyarazi (signals), ikazihinduramo ijwi ryumvikana mu buryo bwa radio.
Iryo jwi rijya ku munara (mast); uyu munara ukohereza ijwi ryawe ku muntu urimo guhamagara, noneho mu gusubiza inyuma icyo gikorwa, uwo muntu agashobora kukumva uvuga.
Uretse ko icyo gihe hatari hariho iminara (masts) myinshi cyane… Ariko urabyumva uko igitekerezo cyuko byagendaga cyari kimeze.
Ariko telefone ngendanwa zo muri iki gihe ntiwazimenya uzigereranyije n’ubwo bwoko bwa Motorola yo mu ntangiriro.
Ubwoko bwagiye ku isoko bw’iyo ya Marty Cooper, buzwi nka Motorola Dynatac 8000X, bwasohotse hashize imyaka 11 nyuma y’uko guhamagara kwe kwa mbere, bivuze ko bwasohotse mu 1984.
Mu gihe yaba iguzwe muri iki gihe, yagurwa amadolari y’Amerika 11,700 (miliyoni 12Frw), nkuko bivugwa na Ben Wood, wo mu nzu ndangamurage ya telefone ngendanwa.
Wood ati: Urebye, kwari ugukanda kuri nimero ubundi ugahamagara.
“Nta kwandika ubutumwa byari birimo, nta camera. Iminota 30 y’igihe cyo kuvugana, amasaha 10 yo gushyira umuriro [gusharija] muri batiri, amasaha hafi 12 y’igihe umuriro umaramo n’anteni ya santimetero [cm] 15 iri hejuru yayo”.
Yanapimaga amagarama (g) 790 – ni ukuvuga inshuro zirenga enye z’uburemere bwa iPhone 14, yo ipima amagarama 172.
Ariko Cooper ntashamadukira (ntatwarwa) n’imiterere ya telefone zo mu 2023 – nubwo yemera ko atigeze na rimwe ateganya ko umunsi umwe telefone zizaba “mudasobwa kabuhariwe” zo mu kiganza, zifite za camera na internet.
Ati: “Ntekereza ko telefone yo muri iki gihe itari ku rwego rwo hejuru. Rwose si telefone nziza cyane [urebeye] mu nzego [ibyiciro] nyinshi.
“Byibaze. Ufata ikintu cyo muri plastike n’ikirahure, gikozwe mu buryo burambuye – ukagishyira ku ruhande rw’umutwe wawe; ugafata ikiganza cyawe mu buryo bubangamye; iyo ushaka gukora ibi bintu by’ibitangaza ishobora gukora, ugomba kuba ufite ‘app’ [mbere na mbere]”.
Yemera ko mu gihe kiri imbere ubwenge bw’ubwiganano (artificial intelligence) buzarema, cyangwa buhitemo, ‘apps’ kuri ba nyir’izo telefone, bitewe n’izo umuntu acyeneye.
Anemera ko umunsi umwe telefone izagenzura ubuzima bwacu, ishyire umusaruro wacu ku rwego rwo hejuru rushoboka ndetse inateze imbere ubuzima bwacu mu buryo ntagereranywa.
Hari aho yageze tuganira anumvikanisha ko zishobora no gufasha mu gukuraho intambara.
Ariko yemeye ati: “Telefone ntigiye kubikora ibyikoresheje yo ubwayo.
“Ariko izaba igice-shingiro cy’iki gihe cy’ejo hazaza gitangaje”.
Nubwo yinubira za telefone zigezweho, bisa nkaho, mu ibanga, Cooper agitwawe na ya telefone yafatiye ku gutwi bwa mbere mu nguni yo ku muhanda w’i New York mu myaka 50 ishize.
Ati: “Turacyari mu ntagiriro ya mbere na mbere y’impinduramatwara ya telefone ngendanwa”.
