Ibigaragazwa n’imibare yavuye mu isesengura ku miterere y’isoko ry’umurimo rikorwa n’Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda (NISR), ryakozwe mu gihembwe cya kane cy’umwaka ushize wa 2022, igaragaza ko ubushomeri bukomeje kuzamuka by’umwihariko mu cyiciro cy’urubyiruko.
Iri sesengura ryatangiye mu 2016 aho ryasohokaga inshuro ebyiri mu mwaka. Kuva muri Gashyantare 2019 ibirikubiyemo bisohoka buri gihembwe, ni ukuvuga muri Gashyantare, Gicurasi, Kanama na Ugushyingo.
Ibyavuye mu isesengura riheruka (Ugushyingo 2022) ryerekana ko abaturage bari mu myaka yo gukora bari bageze kuri miliyoni zirenga umunani.
Muri bo miliyoni 3,5 bari bafite akazi mu gihe 1,4 bari abashomeri. Abarenga miliyoni 3,3 bari hanze y’isoko ry’umurimo. Abafite akazi bagabanutseho 3,8% bava kuri miliyoni 3,71 muri Kanama 2022.
Muri rusange ugereranyije imibare yo mu gihembwe nk’iki mu mwaka washize bigaragara ko abafite akazi bagabanutseho 1,7%.
Ibyavuye muri ubu ushakashatsi kandi bigaragaza ko mu Ugushyingo 2022 abantu bagera ku bihumbi 74 bakoraga mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi batakaje akazi ugereranyije n’uko byari bihagaze muri Kanama 2022.
Abagera ku bihumbi 164 batakaje akazi bakoraga mu rwego rw’inganda mu gihe abandi bakabakaba ibihumbi 99 bakabonye mu rwego rwa serivisi.
Igabanuka rikabije ry’imirimo ryabonetse mu bwubatsi no mu nganda zitunganya ibintu bitandukanye mu gihe mu bucukuzi bwa mine na kariyeli hiyongereyemo abagera ku bihumbi 13 bashya.
Mu rwego rwa serivisi, akazi kabonetse cyane cyane mu burezi aho abakozi bagera ku bihumbi 58 biyongeremo. Mu byo kwakira abantu na restaurants ababonye akazi bashya barenga ibihumbi 21 naho mu bakanishi hamwe no mu bucuruzi buranguza cyangwa budandaza hari abarenga ibihumbi 12 bashya babonye akazi.
Igereranya ry’Ukwakira 2021 n’Ukwakira 2022 ryagaragaje ko umubare w’abakorera umushahara wagabanutseho 2,6% mu gihe igipimo cy’abikorera cyinyongereyeho 1,9%.
Mu Ugushyingo 2022 igipimo cy’ubushomeri cyariyongereye kigera kuri 24,3% ugereranyije na 18,1% cyariho muri Kanama 2022. Bivuze ko izamuka ringana na 6,2%.
Igipimo cy’ubushomeri cyazamutseho gato ugereranyije n’uko cyari gihagaze mu mwaka washize aho cyari kuri 23,8% mu Ugushyingo 2021.
Mu bagore cyakomeje kuba hejuru, ni ukuvuga ko kiri kuri 28,3% ugereranyije na 20,9% ku bagabo. Iki gipimo ariko kiri hejuru mu rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 16 na 30 (29,7%).
Urubyiruko ruvuga ko ikibazo cy’ubushomeri gikomeye hashingiwe ku kuba mu gihe cyo gushakisha akazi hari ubwo umwanya umwe upiganirwa n’abarenze 300 nyamara utanahambaye cyangwa ngo ube uhemba amafaranga menshi.
Nubwo Covid-19 yagize uruhare mu kuzamura ubushomeri (kuko hari abatakaje akazi ntibongere guhamagarwa), na mbere yaho iki kibazo cyari gihari.
Urubyiruko kandi ruvuga ko bigoye kwihangira umurimo kubera imbogamizi zo kubura igishoro dore ko n’ibigo by’imari bidapfa kwizera utaragira intambwe ifatika atera.
Bamwe mubasesenguzi bavuga ko banki zo mu Rwanda zikwiye kuvugurura imikorere kuko zidashyiraho serivisi z’umwihariko ku rubyiruko, ku buryo rushobora kwihangira imirimo.
Bati “Ibigo by’imari ntabwo bizi gushaka aho amahirwe ari (product development). Urubyiruko rufite imiterere yarwo, ari nayo ibigo by’imari byagashingiyeho mu kurema ibicuruzwa na serivisi ukurikije iyo miterere y’urubyiruko.”
Kugeza ubu u Rwanda ruri gukora iyo bwabaga kugira ngo ubushomeri n’ibindi bibazo byugarije urubyiruko biganyuke binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye bigamije kurufasha kwigobotora ubushomeri n’ikibazo cy’igishoro gike gikunze kururanga.
Bimwe mu bikorwa bitandukanye birimo gushyiraho urwego rw’abikorera bato rugamije kubateza imbere muri PSF, Gahunda y’igihugu yo guteza imbere urubyiruko yo mu 2015, gahunda y’iterambere rirambye y’imyaka irindwi (NST1), gahunda y’igihugu y’umurimo yo mu 2015 n’ibindi biruha umwihariko.
Muri gahunda ya Guverinoma y’imyaka irindwi biteganyijwe ko nibura urubyiruko rwiga mu mashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro nk’imwe muri gahunda izafasha kurwanya ubushomeri ruzaba rugeze kuri 60% by’abanyeshuri mu 2024 nubwo bisaba imbaraga zidasanzwe.
Ubusanzwe Amashuri ya TVET ari mu byiciro bitatu birimo TSS, ni icyiciro cy’amashuri yisumbuye yigisha Tekiniki, cyakira abarangije icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye bashaka kwiga amasomo ajyanye na tekiniki, abategura kwinjira ku isoko ry’umurimo cyangwa bagakomeza muri Kaminuza.
Icyiciro cya kabiri kigizwe na VTS (Vocational Training Schools). Ni amahugurwa y’igihe gito ahabwa abatarabashije kwiga ngo barenge icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye biturutse ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Amasomo bigishwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe abafasha kunguka ubumenyi bw’ibanze ku mirimo itandukanye.
Hari n’icyiciro cya gatatu cya VTC (Vocational Training Centers) gitanga amasomo atangirwa mu nganda aho abantu biga mu gihe gito akazi kameze nk’agakorerwa muri izo nganda baba bigiramo. Abigamo bashobora kuba batazi no gusoma muri gahunda yo kubafasha kugira umwuga runaka bamenya.
Ubumenyingiro buramutse bushyizwemo imbaraga byafasha urubyiruko kubona igisubizo cy’ubushomeri
Kwamamaza