Abahanga muri siyansi bemeza ko bashobora kuba basobanuye iyobera ry’ukuntu inyubako 31 zibumbatiye amateka zifite imisusire y’umutemeri nyamigongo (pyramids), zirimo n’izamamaye cyane ku isi z’i Giza, zubatswe mu Misiri mu myaka irenga 4,000 ishize.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo kuri Kaminuza ya North Carolina Wilmington yo muri Amerika ryavumbuye ko izo nyubako bishoboka ko zubatswe ku nkengero y’ishami rya kera, ubu rimaze igihe ryarazimiye, ry’uruzi rwa Nili – kuri ubu ryihishe munsi y’ubutayu n’ubutaka bwo guhingamo.
Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, abahanga mu bisigaramatongo (archaeologists) bakomeje gutekereza ko Abanya-Misiri ba kera bagomba kuba barakoresheje umuyoboro w’amazi uri hafi aho mu gutwara ibikoresho nk’amabuye yakoreshejwe mu kubaka izo nyubako ndangamurage kuri urwo ruzi.
Ariko kugeza ubu, nkuko Profeseri Eman Ghoneim, umwe mu bakoze ubwo bushakashatsi, abivuga, “nta muntu n’umwe wari uzi neza ahantu, imisusire [iforoma], ingano cyangwa ukwegera kw’uyu muyoboro kabombo w’amazi ugereranyije n’ahantu nyakuri izo nyubako ziri”.
Mu gikorwa cyahuriweho n’abashakashatsi bavuye ku migabane itandukanye, iryo tsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryakoresheje amashusho agaragara neza y’icyogajuru, amakarita agaragaza amateka, ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’isi, hamwe n’uburyo buzwi nka ‘sediment coring’ bukoreshwa n’abahanga mu bisigaramatongo kugira ngo bongere kugera ku bimenyetso bafatiye ku ngero nto (samples), nuko bashobora kumenya aho ishami ry’urwo ruzi ryari riri.
Bemeza ko iryo shami ryakamye kubera amapfa akomeye hamwe n’imiyaga ya serwakira ikumunzura umucanga, yabayeho mu myaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi ishize.
Iryo tsinda ryashoboye “gucengera mu buso bw’umucanga no gukora amashusho y’ibintu bihishe”, rikoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya ‘radar’, nkuko bikubiye muri ubwo bushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Nature cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhanga bwa siyansi.
Muri ibyo bintu byihishe harimo “inzuzi zakamye hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi byahambwe” byari biri munsi y’imisozi aho “nyinshi cyane mu nyubako za kera z’Abanya-Misiri ziri”, nkuko Profeseri Ghoneim abivuga.
Mu kiganiro n’Ikinyamakuru cy’Abongereza BBC dukesha iyi nkuru, umwe mu bakoze ubwo bushakashatsi, Dr Suzanne Onstine, yavuze ko “kumenya aho ishami nyakuri [ry’uruzi] riri no kugira amakuru agaragaza ko hahoze umuyoboro w’amazi washoboraga gukoreshwa mu gutwara ibikoresho biremereye, abantu, buri kintu cyose, rwose bidufasha gusobanura iyubakwa ry’izi nyubako”.
Iryo tsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryasanze ko iryo shami ry’uruzi – ryitwa Ahramat (“ahramat” bisobanuye inyubako za ‘pyramids’ mu rurimi rw’Icyarabu) – ryari rifite uburebure bwa kilometero hafi 64 ndetse rikagira hagati ya metero 200 na 700 mu bugari.
Ndetse ryahanaga imbibi n’inyubako 31 z’imisusire y’umutemeri nyamigongo, zubatswe hagati y’imyaka 4,700 na 3,700 ishize.
Ubu buvumbuzi bw’iri shami ry’uruzi ryazimiye bufashije gusobanura ubwiganze bw’izo nyubako hagati ya Giza na Lisht (aha hahoze ari amarimbi), ubu aho hantu hasigaye ari agace kadatuwemo ko mu butayu bwa Sahara.
Kuba ishami ry’urwo ruzi ryari ryegeranye n’izo nyubako byumvikanisha ko “ryari ririmo amazi kandi rikoreshwa mu gihe hubakwaga izi nyubako”, nkuko biri muri ubu bushakashatsi.
Dr Onstine yasobanuye ko Abanyamisiri ba kera bashoboraga “gukoresha ingufu z’uruzi mu kwikorera [gutwara] ibintu biremereye, aho gukoresha imirimo y’abantu”. Yongeyeho ko ibyo “bigabanya cyane imbaraga [zikoreshwa]”.
Uruzi rwa Nili rwari ishingiro ry’imibereho y’Abanyamisiri ba kera – ndetse n’ubu ni ko bikimeze.
Amafoto
