Ishami rya ONU ryita ku buzima ku isi ryatangaje indwara y’ubushita bw’inkende (Monkey pox/mpox) yugarije ibice bya Afurika nk’ikibazo giteye inkeke k’ubuzima ku isi.
Ni indwara ubusanzwe yikiza ubwayo nyuma y’ibyumweru birenga bibiri, ariko ifite n’urukingo, gusa aho ruri ruhabwa abantu bageramiwe.
Ubwoko bushya bw’ubu bushita burimo kugaragara kuri iyi nshuro bwishe abantu nibura 450 mu gihe bwatangiraga kuboneka muri DR Congo.
Iyi ndwara iterwa na virus. Iyi iri mu bwoko bumwe na za virus zitera indwara ya ‘smallpox’ gusa yo ntikaze cyane.
Ku ntangiriro iyi virus yavuye ku nyamaswa igera ku bantu, ariko ubu irahererekanywa hagati y’abantu.
Yabonetse bwa mbere mu byaro bya kure cyane mu mashyamba y’inzitane muri DR Congo, aho buri mwaka iyi ndwara yica abantu amagana – biganjemo abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15.
- Iyi ndwara ni bwoko ki?
Hariho amoko abiri y’ingenzi ya mpox – Clade 1 na Clade 2.
Mpox yatangajwe nk’ikibazo cyihutirwa mu buzima mu 2022, yari yatewe na virus yiswe Clade 2, urebye yo ni virus yoroheje.
Iyi yakwiriye mu bihugu 100 ku isi birimo na bimwe byo muri Aziya n’Uburayi ubusanzwe byari bitarabona iyi virus, ariko yahise ihagarikwa ubwo bakingiraga amatsinda y’abantu yibasirwa cyane.
Gusa kuri iyi nshuro ihari ni Clade 1 irica kurushaho – yishe hejuru ya 10% by’abayanduye ubwo iheruka kuboneka – iyi niyo irimo gukwirakwira ubu.
Ahagana muri Nzeri(9) ishize habayeho kwihindura kw’iyi virus. Uko kwihindura kwazanye ubundi bwoko bwiswe Clade 1b – kuva ubwo bwakwirakwira vuba vuba. Umwe mu bahanga muri siyanse yavuze ko ubu bwoko ari bwo “bubi cyane kugeza ubu”.
Ikigo gishinzwe kurinda no guhangana n’indwara z’ibyorezo muri Afurika (Africa CDC) kivuga ko abantu barenga 14,500 banduye mpox kandi abarenga 450 yabishe kuva mu ntango ya 2024 kugeza ku mpera za Nyakanga(7).
Uko ni ukwiyongera k’ubwandu kungana na 160% no kwiyongera kwa 19% kw’impfu ugereranyije n’igihe nk’icyo mu 2023.
Mu gihe 96% by’abantuye mpox bari muri DR Congo, iyi ndwara yakwiriye mu bihugu bituranyi nk’u Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya aho itakunze kuboneka mbere.
Muri DR Congo hari intege nke mu kuvura no gukingira mpox, ndetse ababishinzwe bafite ubwoba ko ishobora gukomeza kwiyongera.
Inzobere zivuga ko ubwoko bushya bwandura mu buryo bworoshye, bugatera n’uburwayi bukomeye n’impfu mu bana n’abantu bakuru.
- Ibimenyetso bya mpox ni ibihe?
Iby’ibanze birimo umuriro, umutwe, kuribwa umugongo, no kuribwa imikaya.
Iyo umuriro ucogoye, ubushita buriyongera, kenshi buhera mu maso maze bugakwira ibindi bice by’umubiri, cyane cyane ku biganza no ku birenge.
Ubu bushita butera kwishimagura no kuribwa cyane, mbere y’uko bukura nyuma bukuma. Aho bwari buri buhasiga inkovu.
Iyi ndwara ubusanzwe irikiza ubwayo hagati y’iminsi 14 na 21.
Gusa iyo yaje ari mbi cyane ubushita bufata umubiri wose, bukagera no ku munwa, ku maso, no ku gitsina.
- Ni bande bageramiwe cyane ?
Abanduye benshi baboneka mu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina cyane no mu bagabo baryamana n’abandi bagabo. Abantu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abandi benshi bashobora kwibasirwa kurushaho.
Gusa umuntu wese wakoranyeho n’umuntu ufite biriya bimenyetso ashobora kwandura iriya virus, harimo n’abaganga ndetse n’abo mu muryango.
Inama ni ukwirinda gukoranaho n’uwariwe wese waba yaranduye mpox no gukaraba intoki n’amazi n’isabune igihe iyo virus iri mu gace urimo.
Abafite ubu bushita bw’inkende bakwiye kwishyira mu kato kugeza igihe ubushita bwashize ku mubiri wabo.
Udukingirizo dukwiye gukoreshwa nko kwirinda mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 12 nyuma yo gukira iyi ndwara, nk’uko bivugwa na OMS.
Ibiza by’ubushita bw’inkende bishobora kugenzurwa mu kwirinda ikwirakwira – uburyo buruta ubundi bwo kubigeraho ni inkingo.
Inkingo zayo zirahari ariko hakingirwa gusa abantu bageramiwe cyangwa abakoranyeho bya hafi n’abanduye bashobora nabo kwandura.
Vuba aha OMS yasabye inganda zikora imiti kuzana inkingo za mpox zo gukoresha byihitirwa, nubwo izo nkingo zitaremezwa mu bihugu zikenewemo.
Ubu ubwo Africa CDC yatangaje iyi ndwara nk’ikibazo cyihutirwa mu buzima, yizeye ko leta zizemera gufatanya mu kwihutisha kugeza ubuvuzi n’imfashanyo mu bice iyi ndwara irimo. (OMS, BBC & THEUPDATE)
