USA: Donald Trump arifuza ko Manda za Perezida zagirwa 3 aho kuba 2

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Mu nkuru zihariye zisobanura ibirebana n’amatora yo muri muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika muri uyu mwaka, kandida w’ishyaka ry’Abarepubulikani, Donald Trump, avuga ko ashaka gutegeka manda eshatu nk’umukuru w’igihugu. Ese birashoboka?

Si ubwa mbere Trump atangaje ko yifuza ko habaho manda ya gatatu. Na mbere yaho, guhera mu 2019, yabivuze inshuro nyinshi. Ubu arimo arashaka iya kabiri.

Ariko mu kwezi kwa gatanu gushize, ubwo yarimo yiyamamaza imbere y’ishyirahamwe rikomeye riharanira uburenganzira bwo gutunga imbunda, National Rifle Association, na bwo yagarutse ku gitekerezo cya manda ya gatatu, atarabona n’iya kabiri.

“FDR, imyaka 16… imyaka hafi 16… yagize manda enye. Simbizi, ariko se twe tubaye aba manda eshatu cyangwa manda ebyiri? Nimumbwire.” Uwo Trump yise FDR ni Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Azwi cyane ku nyuguti zitangira amazina ye. Yabaye perezida wa 32 wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika.

Ni we wenyine mu mateka y’igihugu warengeje manda ebyiri. Yari uwo mw’ishyaka ry’Abademokarate.

Yatowe inshuro enye, mu 1932, 1936, 1940, n’1944. Yitabye Imana, bisanzwe azize urw’ikirago, kw’itariki ya 12 y’ukwa kane 1945, amaze amezi abiri yimitswe muri manda ye ya kane, na nyuma y’imyaka 12 n’amezi abiri ku butegetsi. Yari afite imyaka 63 y’amavuko.

Kugera rero kuri FDR, itegeko nshinga ntiryavugaga inshuro umukuru w’igihugu yemerewe cyangwa abujijwe gutegeka. Nyamara, nk’uko tubikesha ikigo cyitwa “National Constitution Center” cyo mu mujyi wa Philadelphia, muri Leta ya Pennsylvania (mu burasurazuba bw’igihugu), cyazobereye mu bumenyi bw’itegeko nshinga rya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika no kuryigisha muri rubanda, bamwe mu bo mu nteko ishinga amategeko yo ku rwego rw’igihugu-Congress bagerageje kuvugurura itegeko nshinga kugirango bashyiremo umubare ntarengwa wa manda za perezida wa Repubulika inshuro zigera kuri 200 kuva mu 1796 kugera mu 1940.

Congress yemeje umushinga w’ivugurura wa mbere waryo w’ubu bwoko mu 1947 FDR nyuma y’imyaka ibiri atabarutse.

Ni ivugurura rya 22 ry’itegeko nshinga, ryabaye itegeko burundu mu 1951, ¾ bya leta zari zigize igihugu icyo gihe zimaze kuwuha umugisha. Zari 48. Wari ukeneye 36 byibura.

Uyu mubare wabonetse ku itariki ya 27 y’ukwa kabiri 1951, leta ya Minnesota, iri mu burengerazuba bwo hagati bwa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika irangije kuwemeza.

Rivuga ko nta mukuru w’igihugu ugomba kurenza manda ebyiri. Nyamara Trump si we munyapolitiki wa mbere uvuze ibya manda ya gatatu.

Hari n’abaperezida bane bayishatse birabananira. Twavuga nka Ulysses Grant mu 1880, Theodore Roosvelt mu 1912 na Woodrow Wilson mu 1920, na Harry Truman mu 1952.

Uyu ivugurura rya 22 ryasanze ari ku butegetsi, rivuga ko ritamureba. Ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku wamusimbuye, Perezida Dwight David Eisenhower, wategetse kuva mu 1953 kugera mu 1961.

Perezida Ronald Reagan, Umurepubulikani benshi bo mw’ishyaka rye bavuga ko ari intangarugero mu mitegekere wategetse manda ebyiri kuva mu 1981 kugera mu 1989, nawe yari mu banyapolitiki barwanya ivugurura rya 22 ry’itegeko nshinga.

Iminsi itatu mbere y’uko ava ku butegetsi yabigarutseho mu kiganiro yagiranye n’umunyamakuru wa televiziyo NBC kw’itariki ya 17 y’ukwa mbere 1989.

“Ni ishyaka ryacu ryashyizeho iri vugurura… nk’uburyo bwo kwihimura kuri Perezida Roosevelt [wabatsinze mu matora ishuro enye zikurikiranyije]. Rirahonyora demokatasi n’uburenganzira bw’abaturage bwo kwitorera uwo bashaka, inshuro zose bashaka. Nzashakisha uburyo rubanda barikuraho.”

Gusa rero, uwo ari we wese washaka manda ya gatatu yagomba kunyura inzira ndende cyane kugirango abigereho.

Byamusaba ko ivugurura rya 22 ribanza guseswa n’irindi vugurura ry’itegeko nshinga. Ryabanza kwemezwa na 2/3 by’amajwi y’imitwe yombi ya Congress na ¾ bya leta 50 zigize igihugu, ni ukuvuga byibura leta 38. Byafata imyaka.

Yaba rero Trump, yaba Biden, uzatsinda wese mu kwezi kwa 11, izaba ari manda ye ya nyuma na nyuma. (VoA)

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