Ubusanzwe Banki y’Igihugu, niyo iba ifite ijambo ku mafaranga yose acaracara mu gihugu. Igenzurwa kandi na Leta.
N’ubwo ifite ubu bushongore, ariko hari igihe bigera ikifashisha abaturage ngo bayigurize.
Muri iyi nkuru, tugiye kurebera hamwe uburyo butatu bukoreshwa kugira ngo igurizwe n’abaturage.
- Uburyo bwa mbere
Abaturage cyangwa ibigo by’imari bigura impapuro mpeshwamwenda za Leta arizo zitwa mu ndimi z’amahanga [Government Bonds & Treasury Bills].
Binyuze muri ubu buryo, Leta icururiza izi mpapuro ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane [Stock Exchange] cyangwa binyuze muri Banki nkuru.
Abaturage cyangwa ibigo by’ubucuruzi bagura izi mpapuro, Leta ikazabishyura nyuma y’igihe runaka, ikanashyiraho n’inyungu ziyongera.
Dufashe urugero rw’u Rwanda, Banki nkuru y’Igihugu [BNR], ishyira ku isoko impapuro mpeshwamwenda, aho n’abaturage basanzwe bashobora kuzigura.
- Kubitsa Amafaranga muri Banki nkuru
Biba gake kuko Banki nkuru ntisanzwe ifata amadeni ku baturage. Gusa, mu bihugu bimwe nk’Ubushinwa, abaturage bashobora kubitsa amafaranga muri gahunda za Leta zifite aho zihuriye na Banki nkuru.
- Kugira Imigabane muri Banki nkuru y’Igihugu
Hari Ibihugu bike aho Banki nkuru igira imigabane igurwa n’abaturage cyangwa abashoramari. Urugero nka Banki nkuru y’u Busuwisi, ifite imigabane igurishwa ku isoko ry’imari.
- Zimwe mu mpamvu zishobora gutuma abaturage baguriza Banki nkuru y’Igihugu
Mu bihe bisanzwe, Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ntisaba inguzanyo ku baturage. Gusa, mu gihe ubukungu bw’Igihugu bwaba bugeze ahakomeye nk’igihe cy’ibibazo by’ubukungu cyangwa ibihe by’ihungabana ry’imari, Leta ishobora gusaba abaturage kugura impapuro mpeshwamwenda za Leta [Government Bonds], kugira ngo hishyurwe imyenda cyangwa hakemurwe ibibazo by’ubukungu.
Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo Leta ibone amafaranga yo gukoresha mu bikorwa by’iterambere, kwishyura imyenda, cyangwa gukemura ibibazo by’ubukungu.
Nko mu Rwannda, Impapuro mpeshwamwenda zishyirwa ku Isoko na BNR ndetse n’abaturage bagashishikarizwa kuzigura kugira ngo Leta ibona amafaranga yo gukoresha mu mishinga itandukanye y’iterambere ndetse bikanafasha abaturage kubona inyungu ku mafaranga yabo.
Ni byiza ko abaturage basobanukirwa n’uburyo bwo gushora imari muri izi mpapuro mpeshwamwenda za Leta, bakamenya inyungu bazibonamo ndetse n’uruhare rwabo mu kwiteza imbere ndetse no guteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu.