Ibyiciro by’ibanze by’Ubushakashatsi bumaze imyaka ibiri bukorerwa mu Rwanda no muri Afurika y’Epfo ku rukingo rwa Virusi itera Sida, bwagaragaje icyizere cy’uko rushobora kuvura iyo ndwara.
Ni ubushakashatsi buri gukorwa ku nkunga y’Ikigo cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika giharanira ko haboneka urukingo rwa Virusi itera SIDA (International AIDS Vaccine Initiative: IAVI), ku nkunga y’Ikigo cya Amerika cyita ku Iterambere USAID.
Bushingiye ku kureba ubushobozi bw’ubwoko bw’ubwirinzi bwa eOD-GT8 60mer bwakozwe n’Itsinda ryari rigizwe n’abo muri IAVI na Scripps Research hifashishijwe uburyo bw’Ikigo gikora inkingo cya Moderna buzwi nka mRNA.
mRNA ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu nkingo z’indwara zandura, aho uwazihawe zigera mu mubiri zigafasha abasirikare gutahura bwangu virus yakingiwe, bukarema uburyo bwo kuyirwanya.
Ubusanzwe uko urukingo rukorwa, ruba rugizwe n’akanyangingo gato kadafite intege ka virus ruzaba rukingira. Iyo baruteye umuntu ka kanyangingo kakagera mu mubiri, abasirikari b’umubiri bahangana nako bakakanesha kuko nta ngufu gafite, ubwo bagahita basa n’abakora imyitozo ihagije baniyongera mu bwinshi hagamijwe kuzakubita inshuro undi mwanzi (virus) nk’uwo uzabatera.
Ubu bushakashatsi bumaze iminsi bukorerwa mu Rwanda no muri Afurika y’Epfo bwiswe IAVI G003, bwubakiye ku bundi bwiswe IAVI G001 bwakorewe muri Amerika na bwo bugamije kureba ko havumburwa urukingo rushobora guhangana na Virusi itera Sida.
Ubwo bwiswe IAVI G001 bwagaragaje ko buriya bwirinzi bwagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kurinda iyo ndwara ku kigero cya 97% ku bantu bakuze baruhawe bo muri Amerika.
Kuri iyi nshuro abari gukorera ubushakashatsi mu Rwanda na Afurika y’Epfo, bashaka kureba ko uwo musaruro wabonywe muri Amerika ushobora kuboneka n’ahandi.
The New Times yanditse ko uburyo bwiswe IAVI G003 bwakorewe ku bantu 18 babishaka, ni ukuvuga ko nta gahato bashyizweho, bafite ubuzima bwiza ndetse badafite Virusi itera Sida. Buri umwe yahawe doze ebyiri za eOD-GT8 60mer zirimo virusi ariko zidashobora kwanduza Virusi itera Sida.
Nyuma yo guhabwa doze ya kabiri, abo bantu bakurikiranwe mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu kugira ngo harebwe niba bameze neza, uko ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wabo bwigaragaje biza gupimwa kugira ngo harebwe niba urugero rwashakwaga rwaragezweho.
Icyiciro cy’ubwo bushakashatsi cyagaragaje ko izo doze bahawe zagize uruhare mu gukora ubwirinzi bwagombaga gufasha umubiri kwirwanaho ku rugero ruri hejuru.
Umuyobozi Mukuru muri IAVI ushinzwe itangazamakuru, Karie Youngdahl, yavuze ko icyiciro cya mbere cy’ubwo bushakashatsi gitanga icyizere, yerekana ko no mu bice bizakurikira ibintu bizakomeza kuba byiza.
Ati “Inkingo zose zaragenzuwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ndetse gukurikirana abahawe ziriya doze no gusesengura ibyo bagenda bagaragaza nyuma yo kuzihabwa biracyakomeje.
Yakomeje avuga ko IAVI n’abafatanyabikorwa bazakomeza gukora uko bashoboye ngo barebe ko haboneka urukingo rushobora gufasha mu gukingira iyo ndwara.
Ati “Twizeye ko icyiciro cya mbere cya IAVI G003 kiri gutanga icyizere. Mu ntangiro z’uyu mwaka ubusesenguzi bw’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Amerika bwiswe IAVI G002, mu nama yahuje inzobere muri siyansi no mu ihuriro rya Moderna.”
Uyu muyobozi yakomeje avuga ko ubwirinzi bw’urwo rukingo, bwagaragajwe mu bushakashatsi bwa IAVI G003 bufite ubushobozi buruta ubwagaragaye mu bwakorewe muri Amerika.
Umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe kurwanya Sida, mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cyita ku buzima RBC, Dr. Gallican Rwibasira, yashimangiye ko ubwo bushakashatsi buri gukorerwa mu Rwanda ari amahirwe akomeye ku gihugu.
Ati “Ubushakashatsi mu by’ubuzima bugaragaza ibihamya bya nyabyo bishobora gushingirwaho mu gufata ingamba runaka zigamije kubungabunga amagara y’abantu.”
Yavuze ko u Rwanda rwashyizeho porogaramu zijyanye no kurwanya Virusi itera Sida bikoranywe ubushishozi ku buryo zishobora gukurura abashakashatsi mu by’ubuzima batandukanye hagamijwe kurwanya iyo ndwara.
Uyu muyobozi kandi yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwa IAVI G003 bukiri mu cyiciro cya mbere aho hari kwibandwa ku bafite ibyago bike mu kwandura iyo virusi.
Yerekanye ko ibyiciro bizakurikiraho bizibanda ku bafite ibyago byinshi, ashimangira ko ibyo byose bikorwa ku bugenzuzi bwa RBC n’Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura Ibiribwa n’Imiti mu Rwanda, Rwanda FDA.
Mu 2021, Dr Rwibasira Gallican, yavuze ko agakoko gatera Sida [VIH] kagoye cyane kugakorera urukingo cyangwa umuti ahanini biturutse ku miterere yako n’uburyo kisanisha n’umubiri iyo kawugezemo.
Yavuze ko mu gihe abahanga bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi, bashishikariza abamaze kwandura Sida kuba bakomeza gufata imiti igabanya ubukana neza kuko ari yo ishobora gutuma baramba mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko umuti cyangwa urukingo bizaboneka.
Imibare y’abanduye SIDA itangwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC) igaragaza ko abanduye kuri ubu ari ibihumbi 230 bangana na 3%, abafata imiti igabanya ubukana ni 94%.
Ishami rya Loni ryita ku buzima, OMS ryashyizeho intego y’uko mu 2030 ku Isi hose nta muntu uzaba yicwa na virusi Itera SIDA, binyuze muri gahunda yashyizweho mu 2013 y’uko nibura 90% by’abantu bafite virusi itera SIDA bakwiriye kuba bazi uko bahagaze, 90% bafata imiti, 90% nta bwandu buri mu maraso yabo.
Kugeza ubu ku Isi habarurwa abantu miliyoni 38 bafite virusi itera SIDA, aho mu mwaka wa 2021 handuye abasaga miliyoni 1,5. (IGIHE, WHO/OMS & THEUPDATE)