“Nagombaga gukora mu gihe nari ntwite inda y’amezi icyenda”, biravugwa na Sophie, umugore ukora akazi ko kwigurisha mu Bubiligi. “Naryamanaga n’abakiliya icyumweru kimwe mbere yo kubyara”.
Afatanya akazi no kurera abana be batanu – ibyo avuga ko “bikomeye rwose”.
Ubwo Sophie, wifuje ko tutamwerekana, yabyaraga umwana wa gatanu, yarabazwe kandi bamubwira ko akeneye kuryama akaruhuka nibura ibyumweru bitandatu.
Ariko avuga ko ibyo bitashobokaga, kuko yahise asubira mu kazi vuba vuba.
“Sinari kubasha guhagarika kuko nari nkeneye ayo mafaranga”.
Ubuzima bwe bwari koroha iyo aza kuba afite uburenganzira bw’ikiruhuko cy’ababyeyi, kishyurwa n’umukoresha we.
Itegeko rishya mu Bubiligi – rya mbere rimeze gutya ku isi – ubu riramwemerera ibyo. Abagurisha igitsina bazajya bahabwa amasezerano y’akazi, ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima, ubwiteganyirize (pansiyo), ikiruhuko cy’ababyeyi n’ikiruhuko cy’uburwayi. Bivuze ko ako kazi kazafatwa nk’akandi kose.
Sophie ati: “Ni amahirwe kuri twe yo kubaho nk’abantu”.
Ihuriro ryitwa International Union of Sex Workers rivuga ko ku isi hari abakora akazi ko kugurisha igitsina bagera kuri miliyoni 52.
Mu 2022 ako kazi kavanyweho kuba icyaha gihanwa mu Bubiligi kandi ubu ni akazi kemewe mu bindi bihugu nka Turkiya na Peru.
Mu bihugu bimwe bya Afurika ibi ntibyemewe nk’akazi ndetse hariho amategeko abihana, mu bindi bihugu nko mu Rwanda, ubu nta tegeko ririho ribuza cyangwa ryemera uburaya nk’umwuga.
Itegeko rishya mu Bubiligi ni ryo rya mbere ku isi rihaye aka kazi uburenganzira n’amasezerano.
Erin Kilbride, umushakashatsi muri Human Rightst Watch agira ati:”Iyi ni intambwe nziza cyane tutarabona ahandi na hamwe ku isi kugeza ubu. Twifuza ko buri gihugu cyagana muri iyo nzira”.
Abanenga ibi bavuga ko ubu bucuruzi bubamo gucuruza abantu, uburetwa, ubugizi bwa nabi – ibyo itegeko rishya mu Bubiligi rivuga ko rizakumura.
Julia Crumière wo mu kigo cyigenga ISALA gifasha abigurisha ku mihanda mu Bubiligi avuga ko iri tegeko “riteye inkeke kuko rihindura nk’akazi gasanzwe kandi ubusanzwe gahoramo urugomo mu miterere yako”.
Abakora ako kazi bo bavuga ko iri tegeko baritegereje imyaka myinshi ngo rize ribarengere.
Mel avuga ko yababaye cyane ubwo yahatirwaga gukoresha umunwa we ku gitsina cy’umukiliya atabishaka, mu gihe yari azi ko aho bakorera hari kuzenguruka indwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
Ati: “Amahitamo yanjye yari ugukwirakwiza iyo ndwara cyagwa kutabona amafaranga”.
Mel yatangiye aka kazi afite imyaka 23 – yari akeneye amafaranga, maze vuba vuba atangira kubona menshi atari yiteze.
Yatekereje ko ari nka zahabu avumbuye, ariko indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zatumye yongera gutekereza.
Mel ubu azaba afite amahitamo yo kwangira umukiliya cyangwa kwanga igikorwa runaka cyo mu mibonano yumva adashaka – bivuze ko azaba agenzura imikorere y’akazi ke kurusha mbere.
Ati:”Iyo aya mategeko aba ariho mbere nashoboraga gutunga urutoki madam [umukoresha we] nkamubwira ngo: ‘urimo guhonyora izi ngingo uku ni ko wakagombye kumfata”.
Iri tegeko ry’Ububiligi ryakurikiye amezi menshi y’imyigaragambyo mu 2022, kubera kubura ubufasha bwa leta mu gihe cy’icyorezo Covid.
Umwe mu bari bayoboye iyo myigaragambyo ni Victoria, akuriye ihuriro ryitwa ‘Union of Sex Workers (UTSOPI)’ mu Bubiligi, kandi mbere yakoze ako kazi imyaka 12.
Kuri we, yari intambara bwite. Victoria abona ‘uburaya’ nka serivisi kuri sosiyete, kuko imibonano mpuzabitsina ngo iba igizwe na 10% gusa by’ibindi bikorwa mu kazi.
Ati: “Ni uguha umwanya abantu, kumva inkuru zabo, gusangira na bo, guceza na bo…mbese ni ukurwanya irungu no kuba wenyine”.
Ariko kuba akazi ke katari kemewe n’amategeko mbere ya 2022 byari biteje ibibazo. Yakoreye mu buryo bugoye, nta mahitamo ku bakiliya kandi abakoresha bagatwara igice kinini cy’amafaranga yinjije.
Victoria avuga ko yigeze gufatwa ku ngufu n’umukiliya wari waramurarukiye.
Yagiye kuri polisi aho avuga ko umupolisikazi yamufashe “nabi cyane”.
“Yarambwiye ngo abagurisha igitsina ntibashobora gufatwa ku ngufu. Yanyumvishije ko ari ikosa ryanjye, kuko nkora ako kazi”, Victoria avuga ko yavuye kuri iyo stasiyo ya polisi arimo kurira.
Buri wese ukora aka kazi twavuganye yatubwiye ko byanze bikunze hari ubwo bahatiwe gukora ikintu badashaka.
Kubera ibyo, Victoria yemera cyane ko iri tegeko rizahindura imibereho yabo.
Ati: “Niba nta tegeko ririho kandi akazi kawe katemewe, nta kiba kikurengera. Iri tegeko riraha abantu ibibarengera.”
Abakoresha bagenzura abakora aka kazi na bo iri tegeko rishya ribemerera gukora byemewe n’amategeko – mu gihe bakurikije ingingo z’iri tegeko. Uwigeze guhamwa n’icyaha gikomeye ntabwo azemererwa gukoresha abakozi bagurisha igitsina.
“Ntekereza ko business nyinshi zizafunga, kuko benshi mu bakoresha bafite ibyaha byabahamye”, biravugwa na Kris Reekmans.
We n’umugore we Alexandra bafite inzu itanga izo serivisi hamwe na ‘massage’ ku nzira yitwa Love Street mu mujyi muto wa Bekkevoort mu Bubiligi.
Hari huzuye ubwo twajyaga kubasura – si ibintu twari twiteze ku wa mbere mu gitondo.
Batweretse ibyumba bitatse cyane birimo ibitanda bikorerwaho ‘massage’, ibitambaro byo kwihanagura n’amakanzu, ‘tubs’ z’amazi ashyushye hamwe n’ubwogero (piscine/swimming pool).
Kris n’umugore we bafite abakozi 15 bagurisha igitsina, kandi bavuga ko babafata neza mu cyubahiro, kubarengera no kubahemba imishahara myiza.
Kris ati: “Nizeye ko abakoresha babi bazabafungira, maze abantu beza bashaka gukora aka kazi nta buhemu bagakomeza – baniyongera bikaba byiza kurushaho”.
Erin Kilbride wo muri Human Rights Watch na we abibona atyo – avuga ko mu gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga abakoresha, itegeko rishya “rizagabanya cyane imbaraga bagira ku bacuruza igitsina”.
Gusa Julia Crumière avuga ko abagore benshi afasha bifuza gusa uko bava muri aka kazi bakabona “akazi gasanzwe”.
Ati: “[Kuri bo] Ntabwo ari ukujya hanze mu mbeho ikabije ukaryamana n’abantu utazi bishyuye umubiri wawe”, avuga ko bifuza ibirenze ibyo.
Muri iri tegeko rishya ry’Ububiligi, buri cyumba gitangirwamo iriya serivisi kigomba kuba kirimo akantu ko gukandaho k’intabaza (panic boutton) mu gihe ari ngombwa ko urimo kwigurisha akeneye gutabarwa n’umuntu yizeye uzahuzwa n’ubwo buryo bw’intabaza
Ariko Julia abona ko bidashoboka gutuma aka kazi gakorerwa ahantu hatekanye.
“Ni akahe kazi wakenera ‘panic boutton’? [Aka] si ko kazi gashaje kurusha utundi twose ku isi, ni bwo buretwa bushaje kurusha ubundi ku isi”.
Kugenzura ibikorwa by’imibonano mpuzabitsina nk’uruganda biracyateje impaka henshi ku isi. Ariko kuri Mel, kuzana aka kazi ku mugaragaro bizafasha abagore.
Ati: “Ntewe ishema no kuba Ububiligi buri imbere cyane. Ubu mfite ahazaza”.
Amwe mu mazina yahinduwe mu kurengera ababyifuje. (BBC)